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4. The reform of the Orenburg Governor-General O. Igelstrom: the project of introducing the chief foreman and the elimination of the khan's power in the Younger Zhuz

To understand this topic, we'll explore three main themes: the communicative role of "Tatars" in the process of reforming the Steppe, the establishment of new administrative structures, and the formation of the Bukeev Khanate.

a) The communicative role of "Tatars" in the process of reforming the Steppe:

The reforms of Orenburg Governor-General O. Igelstrom aimed to transform the Steppe region and eliminate the power of the Kazakh khans. The "Tatars," a term used to refer to the Muslim population of the region, played a key role in the process of reform.

The "Tatars" were often better educated and more literate than the Kazakhs, which made them valuable intermediaries in the communication between the Russian authorities and the local population. They served as translators, scribes, and intermediaries in the process of implementing the reforms.

The "Tatars" also played a crucial role in the establishment of new administrative structures, including the introduction of the chief foreman and the establishment of a border court. Their communicative skills and cultural knowledge helped to bridge the gap between the Russian authorities and the local population.

b) The establishment of new administrative structures:

The reforms of O. Igelstrom aimed to establish new administrative structures in the Steppe region, including the chief foreman and the border court. The chief foreman was responsible for maintaining order and managing the affairs of the local population.

The border court was established to resolve disputes between the local population and the Russian authorities. It was also used to punish those who resisted the reforms or committed crimes against the Russian Empire.

These administrative structures were intended to eliminate the power of the Kazakh khans and establish direct Russian control over the region. They were part of a broader process of reform that aimed to modernize the region and integrate it into the Russian Empire.

c) The formation of the Bukeev Khanate:

The formation of the Bukeev Khanate marked a significant event in the history of the Steppe region. It was formed in the aftermath of the abolition of the khan's power and the establishment of the Provisional Council for the management of the Inner Horde.

The Bukeev Khanate was established under the leadership of Bukei Khan, who sought to establish a new form of government in the region. He introduced new forms of land tenure and land use, as well as an educational policy aimed at modernizing the region.

The reign of Jangir Khan saw further changes to the administrative structure of the region, including the establishment of new administrative-territorial structures and the institution of sultans-rulers.

In conclusion, the reforms of O. Igelstrom aimed to transform the Steppe region and eliminate the power of the Kazakh khans. The establishment of new administrative structures, including the chief foreman and the border court, aimed to establish direct Russian control over the region. The formation of the Bukeev Khanate marked a significant event in the region's history, introducing new forms of government and land tenure. The "Tatars" played a crucial role in the process of reform, serving as intermediaries and communicators between the Russian authorities and the local population.