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The culture of the Kazakhs in the XIV-early XVIII centuries was characterized by a traditional nomadic lifestyle. The Kazakhs were primarily nomadic herders, and their economy was based on the breeding of livestock. They also engaged in hunting, fishing, and gathering as supplementary sources of food.
The traditional nomadic economy of the Kazakhs was characterized by various types, including yard, yailage, pastoral, and transhumance. These types of economy were adapted to the local conditions and were used to optimize the use of grazing land.
The tools and armament used by the Kazakhs during this period were primarily made from natural materials such as wood, bone, and leather. They included various types of knives, swords, bows, and arrows.
Crafts and home crafts were an important part of Kazakh culture during this period. The Kazakhs were skilled in making various items such as clothing, rugs, leather goods, and decorative items.
Trade and trade routes were also an important aspect of Kazakh culture. The Kazakhs engaged in trade with neighboring peoples, including the Russians, Chinese, and Persians. They traded goods such as livestock, furs, textiles, and metals.
The spiritual culture of the Kazakh people during this period was influenced by the Islamic faith. The Kazakhs had converted to Islam in the early 16th century, and by the 18th century, the Kazakh-Muslim religious tradition had been fully formed within the framework of the Central Asian Sunni-Hanafi school.
Despite the influence of Islam, relics of ancient Tengrianism were still present in Kazakh culture during this period. The Kazakhs continued to celebrate Nauryz, a holiday that originated in the pre-Islamic era, and adapted it to the realities of nomadic life. The authority of the Koran and the Sunnah was also highly respected among the Kazakhs.
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