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The history of the Golden Horde refers to the period of the Mongol Empire when Central Asia and Eastern Europe were under the rule of the Turkic-Mongol states. This period was characterized by significant cultural, economic, and political changes in the region.
Genghis Khan played a pivotal role in the formation of the Mongol Empire, which extended across much of Asia and Eastern Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. He subjugated East Turkestan and Zhetysu during his conquests, bringing these regions under Mongol rule.
Medieval written sources and historiography provide important insights into the conquest of Central Asia and Kazakhstan by the Turkic-Mongols. These sources help us to understand the political and cultural landscape of the region during this period.
Kazakhstan was part of three Mongolian uluses, or administrative districts, during the period of the Golden Horde. These districts were characterized by a highly centralized and hierarchical system of government, with a powerful leader or khan at the top.
Batukhan's campaign in Eastern Europe was a significant military campaign launched by the Mongols during the period of the Golden Horde. This campaign helped to extend Mongol rule into Eastern Europe and marked an important moment in the history of the region.
The formation of the Golden Horde as a Eurasian empire was characterized by significant ethnic processes and cultural symbiosis. The empire encompassed a vast territory, including much of Central Asia and Eastern Europe, and was shaped by the cultural and political traditions of the Mongols and their subject peoples.
The development of the ulus system was an important aspect of the political and administrative structure of the Golden Horde. This system helped to centralize power and control within the empire, while also allowing for some degree of autonomy and local control.
The rulers of the Golden Horde were a mix of Mongol and Turkic leaders, who played important roles in shaping the political and cultural landscape of the region. Uzbek Khan was a particularly influential leader, who declared Islam as the state religion of the Golden Horde and played an important role in shaping the empire's imperial policy.
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